Heatstroke is a life-threatening medical emergency! Call 911 immediately, and ask for medical assistance, and an ambulance.
What To Know
Heatstroke happens when the body can no longer regulate its temperature. It’s often caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures or strenuous activity in hot weather. Typically, it happens when the body’s temperature rises to 104°F (40C), or higher, and the body can’t cool down. Elevated temperature is the main sign of heatstroke.
Symptoms
People with a temperature of 104F, or higher, might have intense thirst with red, hot, and dry skin (no sweating). They may complain of headache, dizziness, feeling nauseated, and my “heart is racing.” They may show signs of confusion with slurred speech and poor coordination.
In addition, heatstroke may lead to seizures, and loss of consciousness (coma).
Complications
The rapid rise in temperature due to heatstroke can cause severe damage to many vital organs.
It can cause the breakdown of muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis) releasing proteins into the bloodstream contributing to acute kidney failure, heart, and neurologic problems.
What To Do
While waiting for professional help, move the person to a cooler environment, remove excess clothing, and try to cool them down with cool cloths, or by spraying or sponging them with cold water. Do not give fluids orally since they may not be able to swallow safely, and the fluids might be aspirated into the lungs causing pneumonia.
Prevention
To prevent heatstroke and heat exhaustion, focus on staying cool, hydrated, and informed. Limit strenuous activities during the hottest parts of the day, wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing, and stay in air-conditioned spaces when possible. Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, and be aware of the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses.
For a more detailed discussion of what to do to prevent heatstroke, refer to the reference article below.
Reference
Joseph R. Anticaglia, MD; Hot Tips for Preventing Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion Doctor Column HC Smart — August 5, 2022Addendum
This article is intended solely as a learning experience. Please consult your physician for diagnostic and treatment options.